Ridgewood offers a charming suburban atmosphere with tree-lined streets and a vibrant downtown filled with boutique shops and cafes. The community is known for its excellent schools and family-friendly parks, making it an ideal place for families. Residents enjoy a strong sense of community and easy access to New York City via public transportation. With its historic homes and modern amenities, Ridgewood combines small-town charm with urban convenience, appealing to a diverse range of homebuyers.
Show More
Average Sales Price
$1,592,358
Median Sales Price
$1,100,000
Population
25,160
Total Listings
87
Ridgewood NJ – Hyper-Local Block
Living in Ridgewood
DFG J Schools. Two Train Lines. Van Neste Square. Bergen County's Definitive Prestige Village.
Everything you need to know before making Ridgewood, NJ home.
Ridgewood is Bergen County's definitive prestige village — technically a village rather than a borough, incorporated 1894, 5.94 square miles of tree-lined streets and Victorian and Colonial Revival architecture in central Bergen County. The median household income is $208,211. 76% of adults hold a bachelor's degree — one of the highest educational attainment rates of any municipality in New Jersey. 82.5% of housing units are owner-occupied. The school district is District Factor Group J — Bergen County's highest socioeconomic classification — with 10 schools, 5,438 students, 12.0:1 ratio. Ridgewood High School (627 East Ridgewood Avenue, Maroons, Maroon/White/Black, est. 1892, 1,740 students, motto "A Tradition of Excellence") is consistently among Bergen County's most respected high schools. Two NJ Transit lines serve Ridgewood Station — the Main Line and the Bergen County Line — with three platforms, providing Hoboken Terminal access from one of central Bergen County's most versatile transit hubs.
The market reflects the village's standing: Movoto reported a $1,349,000 median sale in April 2026 with a 12-day average DOM — one of Bergen County's fastest markets. Zillow ZHVI $987,732 (+4.2%). PropertyFocus SFH median $1,111,000 (May 2026). True SFH working range approximately $950K–$1.5M+. The 2024 average tax bill is $20,375 on a 3.407% rate — Bergen County's 4th or 5th highest average bill, reflecting full investment in the DFG J school district and the village's comprehensive infrastructure. The walkable East Ridgewood Avenue and Van Neste Square downtown — with acclaimed restaurants, boutique retail, and community gathering spaces — is consistently cited as one of the finest walkable main streets in Bergen County. Ridgewood is what Bergen County looks like when a community compounds decades of investment in schools, infrastructure, and community character into a single address.
Two NJ Transit Lines — Main + Bergen CountyRidgewood Station · 3 platforms · Hoboken ~40 min
🍽️
Van Neste Square & East Ridgewood AveBergen's finest walkable downtown · acclaimed dining
💰
$208,211 Median HH Income · 76% Bachelor's$1.349M median · 12-day DOM · 82.5% owners
🏡
Victorian & Colonial Revival ArchitectureTree-lined streets · 5.94 sq mi · Village incorporated 1894
🎓
Maroons "A Tradition of Excellence" — Est. 18921,740 students · Money magazine Best Places 2011
Commute & Connectivity
Getting There From Here
Ridgewood Station serves both the NJ Transit Main Line and the Bergen County Line with three platforms — one of central Bergen County's most versatile transit hubs — while Route 17 and I-287 in adjacent Mahwah provide highway access.
Hoboken Terminal (Train)
NJ Transit Main Line OR Bergen County Line · Ridgewood Station
~38–45
minutes by train
Penn Station NYC (Train)
Main Line → Secaucus Junction → Penn Station
~50–60
minutes total
NYC Port Authority (Bus)
NJ Transit bus via Rt-17 / Short Line
~45–55
minutes by bus
George Washington Bridge
Via Rt-17 S / Rt-4 E · ~20 miles
~25–35
minutes by car (off-peak)
Paramus / Hackensack
Via Rt-17 S / Franklin Tpk · ~8 miles each
~12–15
minutes by car
Public Schools
Education That Raises Property Values
Ridgewood Public Schools: DFG J (Bergen's highest), 10 schools, 5,438 students, 12.0:1 — including Ridgewood High School, the Maroons, est. 1892, 1,740 students, motto "A Tradition of Excellence."
George Washington Middle School Ridgewood Public Schools · Grades 6–8
6 – 8
Public
12.0 : 1
A
Ridgewood High School 627 E Ridgewood Ave · Maroons · Est. 1892 · 1,740 students
9 – 12
Public
12.7 : 1
DFG J · Top NJ
Ridgewood Public Schools: PreK–12 · 10 schools · 5,438 students (2024–25) · 12.0:1 · DFG J (Bergen's highest) · 448.0 FTE faculty. Ridgewood HS: 627 East Ridgewood Avenue · Maroons · Maroon/White/Black · est. 1892 · 1,740 students · 12.7:1 · motto "A Tradition of Excellence" · newspaper: High Times · Big North Conference. Bergen County Academies (BCA) accessible for qualifying students.
Neighborhood Life
What Makes Ridgewood Ridgewood
Explore Van Neste Square's acclaimed restaurants and boutique retail, the tree-lined streets of Upper Ridgewood and Floral Park, the two-line train station, the Maroons' 130-year tradition at Ridgewood High School, and the community character that 76% bachelor-degree attainment and $208K median household income have built over generations.
🍽️
East Ridgewood Avenue & Van Neste Square — Bergen's Finest Downtown
Ridgewood's walkable downtown — centered on East Ridgewood Avenue and Van Neste Square — is consistently cited as one of Bergen County's finest walkable main streets. The commercial corridor has sustained a depth of acclaimed independent restaurants, boutique retail, coffee shops, bakeries, and specialty shops that reflects the $208K median household income and 76% bachelor's degree attainment of the community it serves. This is not a strip mall or a chain restaurant corridor; it is a genuine neighborhood commercial district of the kind that suburban communities spend decades trying to recreate and rarely succeed. For residents, the combination of walkable access to quality dining from a walkable residential neighborhood is the quality-of-life asset that Ridgewood's buyers most consistently cite as a primary reason for choosing the village.
East Ridgewood Ave · Van Neste Square · Acclaimed Independent Dining · Bergen's Finest
🍷
Acclaimed Restaurants — The $208K Income Community's Dining Scene
Ridgewood's restaurant scene reflects the spending power and culinary expectations of a community where the median household income is $208,211 and 76% of adults hold bachelor's degrees. The downtown supports upscale casual, farm-to-table, international cuisine, and premium dining establishments that serve both the in-village community and the broader central Bergen County professional population that drives into Ridgewood specifically for the restaurant quality. The NJ Transit station at the edge of downtown means train commuters can access the restaurant corridor immediately upon arrival — a transit-restaurant integration that most Bergen County communities lack.
Upscale Casual · Farm-to-Table · International · Premium · Train-Adjacent
☕
Boutique Retail, Coffee & Weekend Life
Ridgewood's downtown boutique retail — independent clothing stores, specialty shops, jewelers, and home goods — serves the village's established professional community. Coffee shops and cafés along East Ridgewood Avenue serve the morning commuter flow through the train station and the weekend shoppers from the surrounding neighborhoods. Saturday morning on East Ridgewood Avenue is one of Bergen County's most authentic Main Street experiences — farmers' market activity, café terraces, and the genuine foot traffic that a $208K-income walkable village produces organically.
Van Neste Square — Ridgewood's central plaza at the heart of the downtown — hosts community events, seasonal programming, the farmers' market, and the gathering-space functions that anchor a genuine walkable community center. In warmer months, the square's outdoor seating, event programming, and foot traffic reflect the village's investment in public space as a community quality-of-life asset. Van Neste Square is the physical expression of what Bergen County communities with lesser downtowns aspire to build.
Van Neste Square · Community Events · Farmers Market · Outdoor Seating · Plaza
🏬
Paramus (~10 min) — Major Retail Access
Garden State Plaza (Whole Foods, Nordstrom, Bergen Town Center) is approximately 10 minutes south via Route 17. Ridgewood's downtown intentionally maintains boutique scale rather than hosting major-format retail; the Route 17 / Paramus corridor handles the major grocery, electronics, and chain retail that the village's downtown doesn't and shouldn't house. For residents, this division of commercial function — walkable boutique downtown + 10-minute drive to Paramus — is the practical retail life of Ridgewood.
Ridgewood's cultural life reflects the village's professional, highly educated community: the Ridgewood Symphony Orchestra (community orchestra), the Warner Theater (historic movie theater, opened 1932, closed January 2024 — a noted recent loss to the downtown), school-based performing arts at Ridgewood High School's well-supported arts programs, and the broader cultural activity of a community where 76% of adults hold bachelor's degrees and the school district is DFG J. The village's character is genuinely intellectual and civic — a community that reads, attends, performs, and invests.
Ridgewood Symphony · Arts Programs · Civic Culture · Warner Theater Legacy
Ridgewood's residential character is defined by its tree-canopied streets, Victorian and Colonial Revival homes, and the large-lot residential landscape that the village's 5.94 square miles support. The village's neighborhoods — Upper Ridgewood (north of West Glen Avenue, west of the train tracks), Salem Ridge (east of Route 17), Floral Park (between Grove Street and South Van Dien), and The Lawns (southern Ridgewood around Hawes Elementary) — each have distinct characters within the village's overall prestige residential identity. The tree canopy along East Ridgewood Avenue and the residential streets reflects decades of deliberate village investment in public landscape quality.
Graydon Pool, Habernickel Park & Village Recreation
Graydon Pool — Ridgewood's beloved municipal outdoor pool facility — is a summer institution for village families, serving the community in the way that a private swim club serves many comparable suburban communities, but as a public village asset. Habernickel Family Park and Nature Area provides natural open space within the village. The broader park system, including Ho-Ho-Kus Brook Parklands, provides trail and stream access within the village's residential landscape. For a community with $208K median household income, Ridgewood's public recreational infrastructure reflects the village's commitment to civic quality of life.
Graydon Pool · Habernickel Park · Ho-Ho-Kus Brook · Village Recreation
🚂
Ridgewood Station — Two Lines, Three Platforms
Ridgewood Station serves both the NJ Transit Main Line and the Bergen County Line — making it one of only a handful of central Bergen County stations that connects two NJ Transit rail lines simultaneously. Three platforms give Ridgewood commuters both the Main Line (to Hoboken Terminal via Ramsey corridor) and the Bergen County Line (to Hoboken Terminal via Hackensack corridor) — approximately 38–45 minutes to Hoboken on either line. This dual-line access gives Ridgewood commuters schedule flexibility that single-line communities cannot match, and the downtown walkability to the station makes Ridgewood one of Bergen County's most genuinely transit-oriented residential communities.
Two NJ Transit Lines · 3 Platforms · Main Line + Bergen County Line · Hoboken ~40 min
🏥
Valley Hospital — Ridgewood's In-Village Medical Center
Valley Hospital — New Jersey's most comprehensive community medical center, consistently ranked among the state's top hospitals — is located in Ridgewood. For village residents, having one of NJ's top hospitals within the village boundaries is a quality-of-life and safety asset that most Bergen County communities can only access by driving 15–20 minutes to Hackensack or elsewhere. Valley Hospital's presence in Ridgewood reflects the village's role as central Bergen County's institutional anchor alongside its commercial and educational identity.
Valley Hospital · In-Village · Top NJ Hospital · Quality of Life · Safety
📚
Ridgewood Public Library
Part of the Bergen County Cooperative Library System, serving one of Bergen County's wealthiest and most highly educated communities — where 96.8% of households own a computer, 96.5% of adults are high school graduates, and 76.0% hold bachelor's degrees. The library serves a community where intellectual engagement is the baseline expectation rather than the aspirational standard. Strong children's programming, author talks, and academic resources serve a community whose school district is DFG J and whose children routinely attend selective colleges and universities.
District Factor Group J is the highest socioeconomic classification in New Jersey — and Ridgewood holds it. The DFG J designation reflects the village's $208,211 median household income, 76% bachelor's degree rate, and the specific combination of professional achievement and community investment that produces Bergen County's most comprehensively resourced public school district. The Ridgewood Public Schools' 10 schools, 5,438 students, and 12.0:1 ratio at DFG J represent the combination of high investment and high outcome that the village has sustained since Ridgewood High School opened in 1892.
DFG J · Highest NJ Classification · $208K Income · 76% Bachelor's · Est. 1892
🎭
A Tradition of Excellence — 130+ Years
Ridgewood High School's motto — "A Tradition of Excellence" — is not a marketing phrase; it is a statement about continuity. The school opened in 1892 and has been educating central Bergen County's professional community for over 130 years. The Maroons' newspaper is called "High Times" — published since 1926. The village incorporated in 1894. Valley Hospital opened in 1951. The walkable downtown has been serving residents since before the automobile became standard transportation. Ridgewood's prestige is not recent or manufactured; it is the product of 130 years of compounded community investment that no amount of new construction or rebranding can replicate in a shorter timeframe.
130+ Years · Continuity · Valley Hospital · High Times 1926 · Compounded Investment
🏘️
Village (Not Borough) — Ridgewood's Unique Municipal Status
Ridgewood is technically a village rather than a borough — one of the few remaining villages in New Jersey (most converted to borough or township status). The village form of government means Ridgewood has a five-member Village Council rather than a borough council and mayor structure. The village designation is a historical artifact that Ridgewood has maintained — and it contributes to the community's sense of distinct identity within Bergen County's borough-heavy landscape. You live in "the village of Ridgewood" — a phrase that carries more residential identity than most New Jersey municipal designations.
Village (Not Borough) · Five-Member Village Council · Municipal Identity · Rare NJ
🛒
East Ridgewood Avenue In-Village Commercial
East Ridgewood Avenue's walkable commercial corridor provides Ridgewood's in-village everyday needs alongside its boutique retail and dining character. Specialty food shops, wine merchants, bakeries, and gourmet grocery options serve the village's $208K-income community within walking distance of most residential addresses. The village's grocery infrastructure — including specialty food retail on East Ridgewood Avenue — handles premium everyday needs without requiring the Route 17 / Paramus drive for most purchases.
Garden State Plaza (Whole Foods, Nordstrom, Bloomingdale's, AMC 16-screen, Bergen Town Center) approximately 10 minutes south via Route 17. Ridgewood's downtown intentionally maintains boutique scale; Paramus handles the major-format retail. For residents, the 10-minute drive to Paramus provides complete retail access without the village needing to compromise its walkable character to accommodate big-box infrastructure. The Route 17 corridor is Ridgewood's utilitarian commercial access corridor; East Ridgewood Avenue is its identity.
~10 min Paramus · Whole Foods · Nordstrom · Route 17 · Utilitarian vs. Identity
🏥
Valley Hospital — In-Village · HackensackUMC ~15 min
Valley Hospital — one of New Jersey's top hospitals, located in Ridgewood — is the in-village healthcare anchor that most Bergen County communities drive 15–20 minutes to reach. HackensackUMC (Hackensack) is approximately 15 minutes southeast. Bergen Community College is approximately 10 minutes south in Paramus. The village's institutional completeness — top hospital, DFG J schools, two-line train station, walkable downtown — reflects the full-service character that Ridgewood has maintained across every dimension of community infrastructure.
Valley Hospital In-Village · HackensackUMC ~15 min · Bergen CC ~10 min
By the Numbers
Ridgewood at a Glance
Municipality TypeVillage (not borough)Bergen County · 5.94 sq mi · est. 1894
Population~25,979–27,10282.5% homeown. · 32.1% WFH · median age 41.6
Median HH Income$208,21176% bachelor's degree · DFG J community
Median Sale Price~$950K–$1.5M+ SFHMovoto $1.349M Apr 2026 · 12-day DOM
Avg Tax Bill (2024)$20,3753.407% rate · 4th–5th highest Bergen avg
School DistrictDFG J · 12:110 schools · 5,438 students · Maroons HS 1892
Zip Code07450Valley Hospital in-village · two NJ Transit lines
Train AccessMain + Bergen County Lines3 platforms · Hoboken ~38–45 min
Explore the Area
Similar Towns Near Ridgewood
Buyers considering Ridgewood often explore these neighboring central Bergen communities — all within 10–15 minutes, each with distinct character, school districts, and price points relative to Ridgewood's prestige tier.
Real answers about buying, selling, taxes, schools, and daily life in Ridgewood — Bergen County's definitive prestige village, with DFG J schools (Bergen's highest), two NJ Transit lines, Van Neste Square, $208K median HH income, $1.349M median with 12-day DOM, Valley Hospital in-village, and 130+ years of compounded community excellence.
Ridgewood is one of Bergen County's most consistently competitive markets — and one of its fastest. Movoto reported a $1,349,000 median sale in April 2026 with an average DOM of just 12 days and 61 homes sold — a volume and velocity combination that reflects genuine market depth. Zillow ZHVI: $987,732 (+4.2% YoY). Realtytrac median $1,151,000. PropertyFocus SFH median $1,111,000 (May 2026). Rocket list median $1,095,000 (June 2025, +13.8% YoY). Homes sell at 10% above list on average; hot homes at 15% above. True SFH working range: approximately $950K–$1.5M+. The village's DFG J school district, dual NJ Transit access, Valley Hospital in-village, and Van Neste Square walkable downtown create demand that consistently outpaces inventory — 82.5% homeownership means turnover is naturally limited. Talk to us about current Ridgewood market conditions →
The practical range: smaller homes and entry-level SFH: $850K–$1.05M. Standard colonials in good condition: $1.05M–$1.4M. Larger, renovated, or newer construction: $1.4M–$2.5M+. City-Data 2024: detached houses mean over $1,000,000; townhouses over $1,000,000. Zillow's $987,732 ZHVI reflects all housing types including smaller rental units pulling the average down; the SFH market consistently trades at $1M+. The Movoto $1.349M April 2026 median (61 sales, 12-day DOM) is the most current and reliable benchmark for the active market. Ridgewood's housing supply is limited — approximately 9,200 housing units for 27,000 residents — producing the inventory tightness that drives the 12-day DOM and consistent above-list-price sales.
Ridgewood's housing stock reflects its Victorian and Colonial Revival architectural heritage and 5.94-square-mile land area. Victorian and early 20th-century homes — the village's most distinctive stock, often with original architectural details, large lots, and the tree-canopied street character that defines Ridgewood's residential identity. Colonial Revival and Tudor homes from the 1920s–1950s — the dominant ownership type across most Ridgewood neighborhoods. Newer construction and renovated properties — reflecting the village's ongoing residential investment, typically at the higher end of the price range. Condominiums and multi-family units — a smaller portion of the market, serving the rental population and entry-level buyers. The Floral Park, Upper Ridgewood, and The Lawns neighborhoods each have character distinctions that experienced Ridgewood buyers navigate carefully. Pre-approval and market readiness are essential given the 12-day average DOM.
Ridgewood has one of central Bergen County's best commute profiles. Ridgewood Station serves both the NJ Transit Main Line and the Bergen County Line — three platforms, giving commuters choice of route and schedule flexibility that single-line communities don't have. Hoboken Terminal: approximately 38–45 minutes on either line. Penn Station via Secaucus Junction: approximately 50–60 minutes total. The station is walkable from most Ridgewood neighborhoods — 46.9% of workers drive alone, but 12% use public transit, and 32.1% work from home. By car: GWB approximately 25–35 minutes via Route 17; Midtown approximately 35–50 minutes. NJ Transit buses and Short Line also serve the Route 17 corridor. The village's dual-line train access — walkable from the East Ridgewood Avenue downtown — makes Ridgewood one of the few Bergen County prestige communities where walkable transit is genuinely practical for Hoboken-bound commuters.
Ridgewood's schools are Bergen County's definitive answer to "what DFG J looks like in practice." The Ridgewood Public Schools — PreK–12, 10 schools, 5,438 students, 12.0:1 ratio, District Factor Group J (Bergen's highest socioeconomic classification) — serve a community where 76% of adults hold bachelor's degrees and the school's own DFG reflects the village's $208K median household income. Ridgewood High School (627 East Ridgewood Avenue, Maroons, Maroon/White/Black, established 1892, 1,740 students, 12.7:1, motto "A Tradition of Excellence") is consistently cited among Bergen County's most respected high schools. GreatSchools: 9/10 average for the village's 9 public schools. Movoto confirms the GreatSchools 9/10 rating. For families for whom school prestige, peer environment, and college preparation are the primary purchase criteria — Ridgewood is Bergen County's apex answer.
Ridgewood's general tax rate is 3.407%. The official 2024 average residential tax bill is $20,375 (NJ Division of Taxation) — Bergen County's 4th or 5th highest average bill, behind Demarest ($24,741), Tenafly ($23,837), and Alpine ($22,596). On a $1.1M home, expect approximately $27,000–$37,400 per year. On a $1.3M home, approximately $32,000–$44,300. City-Data confirms median taxes around $10,001 (reflecting assessment patterns where assessed values lag market values significantly). The 3.407% rate and $20,375 average bill reflect full investment in the DFG J school district (10 schools, 5,438 students), Valley Hospital infrastructure support, dual NJ Transit line maintenance, and the village's comprehensive public services. For buyers doing a Bergen County comparison: Ridgewood's tax bill is high, and it produces DFG J results. Paramus's 1.43% effective rate is a fraction of Ridgewood's — but Paramus's schools are DFG GH. The tax-school tradeoff is the central financial decision buyers must make. Tax bills due quarterly.
The central Bergen prestige comparison: Glen Rock — adjacent, own DFG I district (lower than Ridgewood's DFG J), 2 NJ Transit stations, median ~$949K–$1.2M, lower rate than Ridgewood, lower avg bill — prestige adjacent, more affordable, slightly less prestigious school tier. Paramus — adjacent, DFG GH schools (two tiers below Ridgewood's DFG J), 1.43% effective rate, $12,095 avg bill — dramatically lower taxes, significantly lower school prestige, Whole Foods in-borough. Ho-Ho-Kus — adjacent, NJ Monthly #1 NJ (2011), 2 train lines downtown, A+ K-8, smaller community, prestigious character. Ridgewood — DFG J (Bergen's highest), 3.407% rate, $20,375 avg bill, $1.349M median, 12-day DOM, Valley Hospital, dual train lines, Van Neste Square, 130-year tradition. The choice is explicit: if DFG J schools and Ridgewood's specific prestige character are the primary criteria, no comparable community in Bergen County provides them. If the $20K+ tax bill is a constraint, the trade-offs are Glen Rock (DFG I, lower cost) or Paramus (DFG GH, dramatically lower cost).
Emphatically yes. The 12-day average DOM, 10% above-list average sale price, and consistent market velocity (61 homes sold in April 2026 alone) reflect one of Bergen County's strongest seller markets. The demand drivers are structural: DFG J school prestige that cannot be replicated at any lower price point, Valley Hospital in-village, dual NJ Transit access, Van Neste Square walkability, and a $208K-income community that draws buyers from across the New York metro area who have specifically identified Ridgewood as the address they want. Spring is the strongest season but Ridgewood's high-turnover buyer profile means year-round activity. The 32.1% work-from-home rate (post-pandemic) has specifically benefited Ridgewood by expanding the viable buyer base to professionals who previously needed shorter commutes. Get a free Ridgewood home valuation →
12 days average DOM (Movoto, April 2026) — one of Bergen County's fastest markets. Hot homes go under contract in under two weeks; average homes sell in 12 days; slower properties in 30–60 days. Homes sell at an average of 10% above list price, with hot properties at 15% above. Key selling messages: DFG J (Bergen's highest school classification), Ridgewood High School "A Tradition of Excellence" since 1892, Valley Hospital in-village, dual NJ Transit Main Line + Bergen County Line at Ridgewood Station, Van Neste Square walkable downtown, $208K median HH income community, 12-day average DOM (buyer-velocity market), Movoto $1.349M April 2026 median. The 12-day DOM means that correctly priced, properly presented Ridgewood homes routinely receive multiple offers. Staging and strategic pricing are critical — the market rewards preparation and punishes hesitancy. Learn how we sell homes in Ridgewood →
Ridgewood is Bergen County's definitive prestige village — and it earns that designation by compounding 130 years of investment in every dimension simultaneously. The schools opened in 1892. Valley Hospital opened in 1951. The train station serves both the Main Line and Bergen County Line on three platforms. Van Neste Square's restaurants fill on Tuesday evenings. Graydon Pool opens every June. The Ridgewood Symphony Orchestra performs. The Maroons compete in the Big North Conference. Thirty-two percent of residents work from home. Seventy-six percent hold bachelor's degrees. The median household income is $208,211. The Warner Theater closed in January 2024 — a genuine community loss that residents mourned publicly because they had been attending movies there since 1932. Ridgewood is a community that has been consistently excellent for so long that it no longer needs to market itself; the 12-day DOM is the market's daily statement of what the address is worth. Living here means walking to the train, walking to dinner, walking to the farmers' market on Saturday, and sending your children to schools that are among the best in New Jersey — for as long as you stay.
Work With Us
Reach out to an expert real estate agent today. Dive into the world of luxury real estate with guidance from our devoted team. Your dream home is within reach.